The exposed object, an "askos" type ceramic vessel, comes from the tumulus necropolis near the village of Ciumai, Taraclia district. The vessel was discovered in 2015 in a cenotaph tomb attributed to the Jamnaja culture, dated to the early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2600 BC).
The vessel, with an obviously asymmetrical configuration, is hand-moulded from quality clay paste, having a smooth brown surface with gray spots. The body of the vessel is provided with a pronounced protrusion and a truncated neck with a wider opening towards the mouth. The vessel has a stem and is ornamented with three pairs of symmetrically placed relief appliqués. The height of the bowl is 15.5 cm, the diameter of the mouth is 11.4 cm, the diameter of the body is 15 cm and the diameter of the base is 7.5 cm. Such vessels in the archaeological literature are known as "askos" vessels, the respective term being of ancient Greek origin, denoting one of the primitive containers of the period - the bellows made of animal skin.
In prehistoric times, among some peoples, the bellows was transposed into ceramics, in these cases the basic features of the archaic leather vessel were preserved, acquiring a prominent convex shape with a stem and a flat bottom. From the original appearance of the bellows, the asymmetric mouth corresponding to the animal's neck has been preserved, and sometimes three or four legs, corresponding to the appendages of the flayed skin from the animal's legs. These vessels have lost their original zoomorphic character, entering as a new form in the inventory of Neo-Eneolithic ceramics. The first vessels of this type are attested in Greece, in the early Neolithic (ca. 5000-4500 BC) having the shape of cups or cups. In the Neo-Eneolithic Carpatho-Balkan cultures, the type of Aegean askos of short or tall form, with or without legs and with a handle, is found. Less often, they are provided with two mouths (one for filling and one for emptying) or they are off-center and provided with strangely shaped mouths. In the space between the Carpathians and the Dnieper, only tall forms of simple askos, without zoomorphic elements, are known. Askos-type vessels are present in various prehistoric cultures, especially in Southeast Europe and Anatolia.
Being often discovered in association with cult inventory, askos vessels could be an important indicator of use in religious ritual practices. Along with the zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and rhyton-type vessels (roughly conical container from which, in some ceremonies, liquids were drunk or poured), the askos were included in the category of vessels intended for worship, being related to libations (ritual act that consisted of tasting and then pouring a cup of wine, milk, etc. as homage to the deity).
Des législations sur la consolidation des nécropoles et la construction des églises dans les cimetières dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Dans cet article l'auteur discute sur les lois en vigueur dans la région Nistru-Prut sur l'arrangement des cimetières et l'édifice des églises dans les nécropoles. Les sources archivistiques et les représentations des églises nous permettent de déterminer tous les instructions qu'ont influencées sur l'arrangement des nécropoles et la construction des basiliques. La règle acceptée du pouvoir impérial installé les fondements de transformation des traditions régionales sur la construction des basiliques dans les cimetières.
Liste des figures:
Fig. 1. Le positionnement du cimetière et l'église du village Seliște, district Călărași. Collection privée.
Fig. 2. Le positionnement du cimetière et l'église du village Gordinești, district Rezina. Collection privée.
Fig. 3. Fragment d'un plan topographique du village Pupăzeni, actuellement village Nucăreni, district Telenești. 1809 années. Le positionnement du cimetière et l'église à la périphérie du village. La collection de Musée eth- nographique de Chișinău.
Fig. 4. Fragment d'un plan topographique du village Copanca, district Căușeni, et le positionnement du cimetière et l'église à la périphérie du village. La collection de Musée ethnographique de Chișinău.
Fig. 5. L églises du village Volcineț, district Ocnița, et le cimetière.
Fig. 6. La porte du cimetière et l'église du village Stodolna, district Rezina. Photo M. Brihuneț.
Fig. 7. Aspect d'une ancienne église de Bessarabie. Photo 1877 années. ANRM.
Fig. 8. I. Charlemane, A. Mihailov, A. Mihailov, A. Uhtomski. Collection de plans, élévations et sections pour construire des églises en pierre, Saint-Pétersbourg, 1824.
Fig. 9. Les projets types du Collection de plans, 1824 années, Saint-Pétersbourg.
Fig. 10. Un plan typique de l'église, village Lipcani (1822).
Fig. 11. Le projet spécial de l'église du village Lipcani, élaboré en 1822 années.
Fig. 12. L'église village Lipcani, érigé en 1837 années. Photo М. Brihuneț.
Manole Brihuneț
Religious architecture and funerary complexes of the Dniester-Prut interfluve: the importance of historiographical essays of the tsarist and the interwar times
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
The exposed object, an "askos" type ceramic vessel, comes from the tumulus necropolis near the village of Ciumai, Taraclia district. The vessel was discovered in 2015 in a cenotaph tomb attributed to the Jamnaja culture, dated to the early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2600 BC)...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.