The exposed object, an "askos" type ceramic vessel, comes from the tumulus necropolis near the village of Ciumai, Taraclia district. The vessel was discovered in 2015 in a cenotaph tomb attributed to the Jamnaja culture, dated to the early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2600 BC).
The vessel, with an obviously asymmetrical configuration, is hand-moulded from quality clay paste, having a smooth brown surface with gray spots. The body of the vessel is provided with a pronounced protrusion and a truncated neck with a wider opening towards the mouth. The vessel has a stem and is ornamented with three pairs of symmetrically placed relief appliqués. The height of the bowl is 15.5 cm, the diameter of the mouth is 11.4 cm, the diameter of the body is 15 cm and the diameter of the base is 7.5 cm. Such vessels in the archaeological literature are known as "askos" vessels, the respective term being of ancient Greek origin, denoting one of the primitive containers of the period - the bellows made of animal skin.
In prehistoric times, among some peoples, the bellows was transposed into ceramics, in these cases the basic features of the archaic leather vessel were preserved, acquiring a prominent convex shape with a stem and a flat bottom. From the original appearance of the bellows, the asymmetric mouth corresponding to the animal's neck has been preserved, and sometimes three or four legs, corresponding to the appendages of the flayed skin from the animal's legs. These vessels have lost their original zoomorphic character, entering as a new form in the inventory of Neo-Eneolithic ceramics. The first vessels of this type are attested in Greece, in the early Neolithic (ca. 5000-4500 BC) having the shape of cups or cups. In the Neo-Eneolithic Carpatho-Balkan cultures, the type of Aegean askos of short or tall form, with or without legs and with a handle, is found. Less often, they are provided with two mouths (one for filling and one for emptying) or they are off-center and provided with strangely shaped mouths. In the space between the Carpathians and the Dnieper, only tall forms of simple askos, without zoomorphic elements, are known. Askos-type vessels are present in various prehistoric cultures, especially in Southeast Europe and Anatolia.
Being often discovered in association with cult inventory, askos vessels could be an important indicator of use in religious ritual practices. Along with the zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and rhyton-type vessels (roughly conical container from which, in some ceremonies, liquids were drunk or poured), the askos were included in the category of vessels intended for worship, being related to libations (ritual act that consisted of tasting and then pouring a cup of wine, milk, etc. as homage to the deity).
Les symboles héraldiques de la commune de Lipnic, district d’Ocnița
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
La commune de Lipnic, district (raion) d'Ocnița est formée de deux villages - Lipnic (première mention le 19 septembre 1436) et Paustova (première mention le 20 décembre 1437). Les deux villages n'ont pas porté de symboles héraldiques et vexillologiques historiques. Les armoiries et les drapeaux des deux villages, ainsi que ceux de la commune, ont été élaborés et approuvées en 2011-2012, à l'initiative du maire Valentina Lupulciuc. La commune de Lipnic est la deuxiemme commune de la République de Moldavie, qui a résolu le problème des symboles héraldiques en complex, créant trois paires d'enseignes en relation organique.
Outre la méthode traditionnelle des armes parlantes, la méthode d'assomption des armes historiques liées à un territoire a été de même utilisée. Ainsi, ont été reprises les armoiries des boyards moldaves de la fin du XIVe siècle
- la première moitié du XVe siècle: seigneur Vâlcea de Lipnic et seigneur Mihail de Dorohoi, le premier propriétaire connu des deux domaines. Leurs armes sont connus d'après leurs sceaux, apposeés sur des actes d'hommage des princes régnants de Moldavie au roi de Pologne, conservées aujourd'hui dans les archives polonaises.
Les nouveles enseignes ont été conçues par l'auteur et dessinées par le peintre Iurie Caminschi.
Liste d'illustrations:
Fig. 1-2. Les sceaux de seigneur Vâlcea de Lipnic: 1421 et 1434.
Fig. 3-4. Les sceaux de seigneur Mihail de Dorohoi: 1395 et 1421.
Fig. 5. L'aureus de l'empereur romain Vespasien (69-79 AD), l'avers et le revers.
Fig. 6. Le denier de l'empereur romain Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD), l'avers et le revers.
Fig. 7-8. Les armoiries et le drapeau du village de Lipnic, commune de Lipnic.
Fig. 9-10. Les armoiries et le drapeau du village de Paustova, commune de Lipnic.
Fig. 11-12. Les armoiries et le drapeau de la commune de Lipnic.
Silviu Andrieș-Tabac
Les armoiries et les drapeaux des villes Anenii Noi, Cimișlia, Fălești, Leova, Nisporeni
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Silviu Andrieș-Tabac
Les Symboles de la République Démocratique Moldave (1917-1918). Interprétation sémantique
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Silviu Andrieș-Tabac
La tradition mythique dans l’historiographie roumaine sur l’origine des armoiries du Pays Moldave
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Silviu Andrieș-Tabac
Studii de muzeologie (I). Responsabil de ediție Elena Ploșnița, Chișinău: Bons Offices SRL, 2008, (Biblioteca „Tyragetia”, XVI), 196 p.
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Silviu Andrieș-Tabac
The flags derived from the state flag of Republic of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
The exposed object, an "askos" type ceramic vessel, comes from the tumulus necropolis near the village of Ciumai, Taraclia district. The vessel was discovered in 2015 in a cenotaph tomb attributed to the Jamnaja culture, dated to the early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2600 BC)...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.