The great ruler Stephen the Great, outstanding army commander and diplomat, was also concerned during his life with the economic prosperity of the country, supporting the development of crafts, trade and fairs. During his reign, groși and half groși minted in the dinar system were issued, a monetary system introduced in Moldova during the last reign of Petru Aron (1455-1457).
The coins were minted from silver of superior title, those that reflect stability in the economic life of the country at that time. Their masterful execution at the Suceava mint is among the beautiful artistic achievements during the reign of Stephen the Great.
During his reign, two types of issues were minted, for the two denominations: groși and half groși.
Type I issues have a split shield on the obverse; in the first quarter appears a rose surmounted by a cross and three fascias, in the second quarter. For the epigraph issues (groși), the image is accompanied by the circular legend with the name of the issuer: + STEFANVS VOIEVODA. On the other side appears the bour's head with a star between the horns accompanied by the heraldic furniture - the rose and the contoured crescent, placed to the right and left of the bour's head; circular legend: MOLDAVIE COIN.
On type II coins in the shield on the obverse appears a patriarchal cross (double) and the legend STEFANVSVOIEVOD or abbreviated STEFANVSVOIE. On the reverse, as in type I, the bour's head with heraldic attributes is preserved: rose right/crescent left and crescent right/rose left. A star or rose appears between the ox's horns. The legend accompanying the face with the bour head is MONETAMOLDAVI or abbreviated MONETAMOLDA.
The dating of Stephen the Great's coins is still under discussion. According to one opinion, type I issues were minted between 1457-1476, and type II between 1480/1481-1505 (Octavian Iliescu), and another 1465/1467-1475/1476 for type I and 1476/1479-1497 for type II (Ernest Oberländer-Târnoveanu).
The coins in this showcase were discovered during the archaeological excavations at Orheiul Vechi (Trebujeni, Orhei district) in the 6th and 7th decades of the 20th century:
1. Type I money issues, groși, silver 2. Type II money issues, groși, silver 3. Type II coin issue, half groși, silver
Pedagogical literature of Bessarabia: editions, impressions and imposed models (1814-1918)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2007
Primers were the most widespread pedagogical books published by the Bessarabian Ecclesiastical Press from 1814 to 1918, though this category of publications was allowed by the authorities only as far as it contributed to a better study of Russian. Most of the primers were published in Russian and Romanian, and the texts were arranged in parallel columns except for the edition of 1861. The Romanian text is translated from Russian, which indicates that the books are based on Russian primers of the 19th c. approved by the synodal censorship. A characteristic feature of the pedagogical literature of the 19th century is its pronounced religious character as it was intended for use in church schools.
The majority of these books enjoyed quite a few impressions. Two main types of the primers are distinguished:
– primers with the same bibliographical description (title-page, table of contents, page numbers); –the first three editions of 1814, 1815 and 1822 – can be considered as impressions of the first primer published by the Diocesan Chișinău Press in 1814. Not a single copy of them has survived in Romanian collections (editions of 1815 and 1822 were analyzed and described by O. Ghibu and S. Giurescu in the 30ies of the 20th c. and are considered lost);
– primers published in 1842, 1844, 1854, 1859 insignificantly differ in table of contents and contain more pages. Editions of 1842 and 1844 are preserved in collections, and editions of 1854 and 1859 are known to us only on the basis of bibliographic descriptions.
Pedagogical literature of the beginning of the 20th century is the result of Russification, conducted by the tsarist authorities in Bessarabia.
Maria Danilov
Dumitru Th. Pârvu, Problema Basarabiei în lumina principiilor actelor juridice internaționale (Contribuții la cunoașterea raporturilor diplomatice româno-ruse). Studiu introductiv, note și indice de nume de Ion Constantin, București: Editura Bibliote
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Maria Danilov
Florin Marinescu, Vlad Mischevca, Cărțile românești din biblioteca mănăstirii athonite Sfântul Pavel, Atena, 2010, 285 p., ISBN: 979-960-85542-3-8
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Maria Danilov
Axentie Stadnițchi, Mitropolit G. Bănulescu-Bodoni, Chișinău, 2004, 224 p. (Sau cum nu trebuie editate cărțile noastre vechi...)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Maria Danilov
The Bessarabian manuscript of the Anthim’s sermons
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XII [XXVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Maria Danilov
Dinu Poștarencu, Destinul românilor basarabeni sub dominația țaristă, Chișinău: CEP USM, 2012, 546 p. ISBN 978-9975-71-322-1
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
The great ruler Stephen the Great, outstanding army commander and diplomat, was also concerned during his life with the economic prosperity of the country, supporting the development of crafts, trade and fairs. During his reign, groși and half groși minted in the dinar system were issued, a monetary system introduced in Moldova during the last reign of Petru Aron (1455-1457)...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.