#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.

The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

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Publications

Journal „Tyragetia"

vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1

ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Михаил Видейко, Джон Чапмен, Наталья Бурдо, Биссерка Гейдарская, Стоилка Игнатова, Светлана Иванова, Виталий Рудь

Research project "Early urbanism in prehistoric Europe: the case of the Trypillian mega-sites" in 2013

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

In 2013, the Ukrainian-British expedition under the scientifi c-research project "The Tripillian Mega-Sites Project (Early urbanism in prehistoric Europe: the case of the Tripillian mega-sites)" continued research on the settlement at Nebelevka. The Project successfully completed a fi ve-week summer season, running from 15th July to 17th August 2013. The principal objectives of the 2013 seasons were defi ned before the season, as follows: geophysical prospecting of a further 160 ha of the mega-site, the excavation of several Trypillian features: a pit near a Trypillian house and sections across linear features on geophysical plots identifi ed in the 2012. The Ukrainian side excavated a house-and-pit complex near the 2012 mega-structure trench (tr. 3), Bisserka Gaydarska and Toni Stoilka Ignatova began the excavation of a large pit (tr. 4). Excavations confi rmed the existence of cultural layer around dwellings. There were investigated several pits, originally served for the extraction of clay. Later at this pits there were deposited artifacts, related to everyday life and sacral life of the nearest households. There were provided the mechanical coring and test-pitting of 50 burnt structures to recover samples for AMS dating, on-site soil micromorphological investigations; finished intensive, systematic fi eld walking of a further 20 km2 of the Nebelivka hinterland; conducted palaeo-environmental investigations of further sites near to Nebelivka and within a 30 km radius; completed plan of site, based on magnetic survey, checked few types of the new kinds of archaeological objects found by geophysicists.

List of illustrations:

Fig. 1. Plan of Nebelivka and location of 2013 trenches: 1 - places of trenches 3 and 4; 2 - place of excavations at 2012-2013; 3 - place of tr. 43; 4 - place of tr. 3; 5 - place of tr. 4.
Fig. 2. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, general views.
Fig. 3. Nebelivka 2013. House B17, clay elevations 1-4.
Fig. 4. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, elevation on ground level.
Fig. 5. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, ceramic abrasive.
Fig. 6. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, pottery at the remains of house.
Fig. 7. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, pottery at and under remains of house.
Fig. 8. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, clay interior details with traces of painting and other decorations.
Fig. 9. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, clay interior details with traces of painting and other decorations.
Fig. 10. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, plaster of walls with traces of painting.
Fig. 11. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, fi nds of painted pottery.
Fig. 12. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, house B17, pit near the house, cross-sections.
Fig. 13. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, remains of the house B18.
Fig. 14. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 3, pit near house B18, general view and cross-section.
Fig. 15. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 4, investigations of the pit.
Fig. 16. Nebelivka 2013. Test pits: 1 - TP 2; 2 - TP 4, 3-4 - TP 25; 5 - TP 6.
Fig. 17. Nebelivka 2013. Test-pit 1, bowl on foots.
Fig. 18. Nebelivka 2013. Finds from test-pits: 1, 4, 5 - from TP 4 (AMS 1/3); 2, 3 - TP 4 (AMS 1/4).
Fig. 19. Nebelivka 2013. Early Bronze Age kurgan at the area of the site.
Fig. 20. Nebelivka 2013. Tr. 4, part of the clay model of the house.
Fig. 21. Nebelivka 2013. Anthropomorphous fi gurines from different trenches.
Fig. 22. Nebelivka 2013. Small fi nds and fl int tool.

Mykhailo Videiko

C14 dates and absolute chronology of Cucuteni-Trypillia: what and how do we actually date?

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVIII [XXXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Наталья Бурдо

Traces of the ritual practice at a large Trypillian culture settlement near Maydanetske

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Наталья Бурдо

The Cucuteni C pottery in the Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex (Formulation of the problem and a brief historiography)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2016

Михаил Видейко

Crises and early urbanization processes in Europe

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XII [XXVII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică