Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
The Cucuteni C pottery in the Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex (Formulation of the problem and a brief historiography)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2016
Keywords: Cucuteni, Trypillia, Cucuteni C pottery, import, influence.
Abstract: The "Cucuteni C pottery" is a special term for a kind of Cucuteni pottery, injected by Hubert Schmidt. The earliest samples of this pottery are dated by the B1 stage. According to T. Movsha, this kind of pottery appeared at Cucuteni-Trypillia sites under the influence of Serednii Stig Culture. Another question is whether these contacts were important for developing of this kind of pottery, especially for the Trypillia B1 - Cucuteni A stages.
Samples of Serednyi Stig Culture from Cucuteni-Trypillia sites are innumerous. These sites are distributed on large area, but mainly in the western rather than eastern part, close to the Serednii Stig Culture area. For Trypillia B1- B2 - Cucuteni A-B stages the most of finds come from sites of the Soloncheny local group. At the Soloncheny and Myropillia sites this pottery is most similar to Steppe samples in terms of technology, stylistics and, partly, forms of pots. Some of samples may have been really imported of produced by the bearers of Serednii Stig Culture. But the appearing of Cucucteni C pottery at this time did not change the original Trypillia-Cucuteni traditions and the Serednii Stig Culture influence was limited. The use of cord decorations from BII stage may have been connected with the influence of Chernavoda I Culture. On the other hand, the Cucuteni C pottery was the main common feture of pottery assemblages at whole area inhabited by the Cucuteni-Trypillia people. The most realistic point of view is that the spreading of Cucuteni C pottery reflected more tribal than intercultural relations.
List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Pottery from Trypillia B1 sites: 1-4 - Neporotove 22; 5-9 - Berezivska GES (8а, 9а after Даниленко 1974); 10-14 - Vasyliivka (after Збенович, Шумова 1989); 15 - Daribany; 16 - Sabatynivka I. Fig. 2. Pottery of Serednii Stig Culture: 1-16 - Skelya stage; 17-24 - Stog stage. Fig. 3. Cucuteni C pottery from Kolomyitsiv Yar. Fig. 4. Cucuteni C pottery from Trypillia B1-B2 stage sites: 1-2 - Klishchiv (after Заец 1974); 3, 7, 8 - Dnipro region (after V. Khvoika); 5 - Buchach. Fig. 5. Cucuteni C pottery from Soloncheny group sites. Fig. 6. Cucuteni C pottery from Soloncheny 2 site (after Мовша 1998). Fig. 7. Serednii Stig and Trypillia pottery. Fig. 8. Cucuteni C pottery from Trypillia B1-B2 stage sites: 1-7, 13-14 - Dnipro region (after V. Khvoika); 8-12 - Mykolaivka. Fig. 9. Cucuteni C pottery from Trypillia B2 sites: 1, 3 - Nemyrivka; 4 - Nemyriv; 5-7 - Stanislavivka; 8 - BerezovBereg; 9-11, 13-14, 16 - Grebeni; 15 - Studenitsya. Fig. 10. Cucuteni C pottery from Chapaivka. Fig. 11. Cucuteni C pottery from Maidanetske. Fig. 12. Cucuteni C pottery from Trypillia CI stage: 1 - Talne-2; 2-4 - Dnipro region (after V. Khvoika).
Наталья Бурдо
Interpretation of the cultural layer of the early Trypillian site of Bernashevka I
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XI [XXVI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Наталья Бурдо
Spindle whorls of Trypillia-Cucuteni cultural unity
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XIII [XXVIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Наталья Бурдо
Traces of the ritual practice at a large Trypillian culture settlement near Maydanetske
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Наталья Бурдо
Anthropomorphic figurines from early Bronze Age burial mounds in the Bug-Dnieper interfluves and the Dnieper area
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XII [XXVII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Михаил Видейко, Джон Чапмен, Наталья Бурдо, Биссерка Гейдарская, Стоилка Игнатова, Светлана Иванова, Виталий Рудь
Research project "Early urbanism in prehistoric Europe: the case of the Trypillian mega-sites" in 2013
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
