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#Exhibit of the Month

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Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2


Some data about the descendants of Manuc Bey (19th century - beginning of 20th century)
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Some data about the descendants of Manuc Bey (19th century - beginning of 20th century)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

Manuc Bey, dragoman of the Porte, State Counselor of the Russian Empire was a well known person in the end of XVIII - early nineteenth century. About his business and political activities have been written monographs, studies and articles. The research time in the archival materials and published works, present several pieces of the lives of children, his grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

In 1822 October 31 the Civil Court of Basarabia was received the application of curates Manuc Bey property, state councilor Neboda and clucerul Burda to file the deceased ately. They presented the Manuc Bey’s testament drawn up in 1815 July 19 in Kronstadt, personally sign by the test. Testament was written in Armenian language, with translation into Russian, being certified by Gregory, Archbishop of the Armenians in Basarabia. This lately caused several years of dispute among heirs. At the same time, is an important source for the study of mentality and every- day life of the age, and pedigree of Manuc Bey study.

Manuc Bey was born in 1769 in Rusciuc in Mardiros Mirzoian and Mamilei’s family, the daughter of Hamum Oglu. First Manuc Bey in 1786 married the daughter of a wealthy Armenian, Avetz in Rusciuc. The second time he married in 1794 with Mariam (in the acts also called Hanuma), daughter of Haji Harutiun. From this marriage were born six children: two boys and four girls. From wills and other archival documents and studies, we identified their names: Murad (Murat in documents, Ivan, Ioan) and Feriat (Grigori in documents, Feriad), Mariam (Maria in documents), Pemba (Kaniane, Keiani, Gaiane, Gayrana in documents), Gadara (in documents Gadir, Gatere, Ecaterina), and Tebera (Gebera in documents).

Manuc Bey followers married with offspring from families known not only in the Russian Empire, but in Europe. The activity of some of them was mentioned at the state level.

List of illustrations:
Photo 1. Grand Dragoman Manuc Bey.
Photo 2. Armenian Church, burial place of Manuc Bey and his daughters.
Photo 3. Tombstone’s Manuc Bey.
Photo 4. Tombstone of Mary, the daughter’s Manuc Bey.
Photo 5. Tombstone of Pemba (Gaiane), daughter’s Manuc Bey.
Photo 6. Murat’s Palace at Hâncești (1927; 2010).
Photo 7. “Hunter Palace”, built by Architects Bernardazzi.

List of annex:
1. The testament of Manuc Bey.

Alina Felea
Divorces in Bessarabia in the first half of the 19th century
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
Cantemir’ s wills. Case Study (XVIII - beginning XIX centuries)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
Voivode/prince between Ideal and Real. Chroniclers’ representations about Tara Moldova (the middle of 17th - the middle of 18th Centuries
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
La population de la ville Soroca (XVI-XIX siècles)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2007
Alina Felea
From the history of a family in Bessarabia of the early 19th century: the husband's inability to perform the conjugal duty
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC